. There was limited provision of basic service infrastructure, . The lack of spatial cohesion in sparsely placed households within the area,, . The poor infrastructure such roads, electricity, amenities & telecommunications, . There was limited cellular telecommunication infrastructure that existed in the area, . The residential areas situated on dolomitic acquifers, with excess extraction created sinks holes, . The contamination of groundwater due to poor sanitation, . The poor local economy, . There is no central economic hub in the area. Everyone travelled to Northam, in Limpopo and Mogwase for groceries and general supplies, . There are no incentives, such as tax rebates were given to investors or developers to build infrastructure and invest in the CRDP study area