Given South Africa's persisting poverty and unemployment problem, it is hardly surprising that the EPWP is seeing massive upscaling in order to continue to provide employment opportunities to poor and low-income households in the future. Naturally, this will require addressing many of the lessons learnt from the first and second phases of the EPWP, such as: the inadequate taking of authority and co-ordination amongst different government departments and the different spheres of government in charge of driving the programme; a lack of additional fiscal commitments where the programme is performing well; creating a continued demand for public employment interventions in all spheres of government that support upscaling job opportunities and income generation for those who are willing to work; ensuring that Public Works employment programmes remain labour intensive and avoid shifting to employment methods that avoid maximum labour intensity; and ensuring that the implementers of the EPWP are well capacitated and the Department of Public Works ensures that the implementers of this programme are monitored to see whether objectives of the EPWP are realised - training in particular.