Lack of research capacity is another challenge confronting the PAP. As a continental parliament, the PAP should have adequate research capacity. There is also a high level of absenteeism during sessions, which affects the effectiveness of the PAP. It is often difficult for the PAP to constitute the necessary quorum to pass decisions. In most cases, the PAP has adequate members during the opening ceremony. Thereafter, with each passing day, the number of PAP parliamentarians present during the sessions is severely reduced.