The municipality consists of 130 724.5 hectares of land of which 779 ha is arable and 88 945.5ha is grazing land. The municipality's water source comes from perennial streams, such as the Mdumbi river in ward 26 and Mthakatye river in ward 25. Current changes in climate have introduced noticeable changes in rainfall patterns which adversely affect the river flows, which normally get rainfall between October and April. The municipality has very few commercial livestock farmers as most rural communities traditionally recognise ownership of livestock as a sign of wealth, thus livestock are seldom sold or slaughtered. The municipality partnered with ASGISA in the Eastern Cape and the Ntinga Development Agency for the implementation of Maize production programme in the following areas: