. Dilapidated industrial zone - Because of the uncertainty of land ownership, economic development has been stifled, resulting in the non - investment, lack of maintenance and vandalism of the industrial zone. . Service delivery challenges - This remains a huge challenge in most municipalities which is a result of non communication and co-operation between departments and municipalities, differences of opinion between senior officials, and corruption. It is a common trend that municipalities do not align their IDP's with that of national government, hence working in silo's and not integrating themselves into the programmes of the national departments.