3.2.4 Scope changes to the Vanrhynsdorp and Ceres contracts had resulted in escalations of about R40 million. The DCS ascribed the scope changes to lessons learnt during the Tswelopele project, the inclusion of solar-heating systems as per the DPW requirement, and increased electricity tariffs. The DPW indicated that the DCS had provided it with a generic layout of what their requirements were for the "new- generation" facilities. This layout could not be implemented exactly in any of the three projects, but had to be adapted to accommodate conditions specific to each of the sites. As shortcomings were identified, changes recommended were approved by the DCS. All of the scope changes were DCS-approved.