2.3.7 In 2011/12 the JICS received 239 reports on the use of mechanical restraints, which represented a substantial increase form the 67 received in 2010/11. Most of the notifications originated from Gauteng. None of these were submitted for appeal in terms of section 31(5) of the CSA. Upon enquiry the JICS found that offenders subjected to mechanical restraints were aware of the right to appeal, but waived it. 2.3.8 The JICS received 50 reports of the use of force in 2011/12, five times more than in the previous financial year. None of the incidents took place in self-defence or in order to the prevention of an escape. The JICS emphasised that because centres were not able to submit notifications electronically, monitoring was inadequate.