The key risk and/or success factors are timely planning, appropriate solutions, new and appropriate technology, skills and capacity (for effective project and operational management), appropriate institutional arrangements, as well as financing and financial management. In dealing with this, it is important to ensure effective use and management of water resources (water use efficiency), culture and attitude, as well as effective governance. Water security should cover the water resources management across the full value chain: from source to tap and tap/waste to source. This includes effective waste management and associated infrastructure. This approach has major implications on aspects of integrated planning, programme alignment; water services development planning and outcomes based management.