SACU remains the oldest customs union; however this has not been without challenges. The SACU Agreement (2002) is not fully adhered to, which manifested when negotiating with third parties (e.g. EPAs). Revenue declines from the SACU revenue pool exposed an over-reliance on SACU receipts for national budget revenue by member states and a lack of diversification. Low intra-regional trade was prevalent. In addressing the challenges, SACU member states agreed on five priorities, namely: (1) development of regional industrial policy, (2) review of the revenue sharing formula, (3) development of SACU institutions, (4) unified engagement of member states in international trade negotiations and (5) trade facilitation.